About employees, including most of the company's executive management, relocated there. The year began a decades-long string of company acquisitions by Xerox. Innovation "minus-milestones" at Xerox Xerox is not alone in the minus-milestone category of technological businesses with high potential for success, but failure to succeed in the technological arena.
IBM, International Business Machines , arguably was a dubious winner in that category when it failed to see the potential for its personal computer in the early s. Then in , Xerox invented the prototype of the world's first personal computer, the Alto, with innovations including the first what-you-see-is-what-you-get editor, the first commercial use of a mouse, a graphical user interface and bit-mapped display.
Its commercial descendent was the Star computer. The highpoint of the "Mini-Computer" age was the decade of the s through the early s. Many companies began to take advantage of the newly miniatureized electronics microprocessors that allowed for smaller and less expensive computers. When Xerox withdrew from the computer industry in , the computing world was dominated by mainframes and mini-computers. In the early s, many thought those large, expensive machines were on the decline.
The fact was that the number of manufacturers in the industry were on the decline. Mainframes and mini-computers are more pervasive, more powerful, and less expensive than ever before.
Another example of Xerox's failure to capitalize on its original research is the laser printer. In , the computer industry's first laser printer, the Xerox , was announced. The laser printer has become the most common type of computer printer. Laser printers produce high quality printing, and are able to produce both text and graphics.
Laser printers are based upon photocopier processes, also invented at Xerox. The design was not offered commercially until , and the high price of the Xerox Star computer inhibited sales. The HP LaserJet bacame the de facto standard for the personal computer industry. Apple Computer offered the first low-cost PostScript lasar printer in Xerography was invented by Chester F.
Carlson who was a patent attorney in the U. It was necessary for him to make copies of drawings and specifications to apply for patents. However, making copies involved enormous effort since transcription by hand or typewriter was the only method in those days. Accordingly, Carlson started research on the copying of prints and photos in spare hours from his work. In addition, he personally undertook experiments by bringing chemicals, flasks and slides into the kitchen of his apartment from around He invented xerography through such research activities and filed his first patent regarding xerography in person as a patent attorney.
He continued basic research and finally succeeded in a copying experiment using the xerographic method on October 22, Carlson using his original lab equipment.
First xerographic copy This legend marks the time and place name on Long Island where an experiment was conducted. Chester Carlson's invention of xerography more than 70 years ago was an extraordinary milestone in the development of the modern information age, as now individuals could much more easily share and access information.
Xerox has a rich history of innovation. As the inventors of Ethernet over 30 years ago, we helped build the foundation for today's Internet. In fact, not known to many, the Ethernet's first commercialization was as a communication bus in our production publishing systems in the early s. Our heritage of innovation continues to flourish. Xerox has many excellent open innovation partnerships. The most important one is our joint-venture partner Fuji Xerox in Japan, which was established in We have been issued over 50 thousand patents worldwide; and are issued 2 patents each and every day.
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